RELATIVE PRONOUN

Relative pronoun atau kata sambung yang dapat menerangkan subjek-kalimat-objek-prediket, keterangan waktu-keterangan tempat dan lain-lain.

Relative pronoun => that, who, whom, whose, which, when dan where

• the best place that l have ever visited for my vacation is Bukit Tinggi
• John is my best friend who was the member of ham radio
• Betty is the girl who/whom you met in the mall yesterday
• The car whose brakes failed finally stopped at the corner.
• Our transceivers, which has been broken for two weeks, should be ready this afternoon
• l heard some body crying when l come your house
• Bangkinang is the place where there was a riot

beberapa kata yang harus digunakan dalam percakapan

• used to + kata kerja => kata ini menerangkan bahwa suatu aktivitas sudah sering dilakukan...contoh:
  * she used to go to the bed around 10.00 pm.
  *I used to drink a cup of coffee in the morning.
  * Andi used to drive carefully on the windows rood
• Can't help +verb +Ing => kata ini menjelaskan bahwa subjek tidak dapat tidak/tidak bisa menahan, contoh:
  * I can't help falling in love with you.

WH WORDS

Kata WH dapat digunakan sebagai awal suatu pertanyaan atau pertanyaan tidak langsung.

1. Who => menanyakan subjek yang melakukan suatu aktivitas
   * who is the boss in this company?
   * who takes my transceiver from the table?
   * who was the fifth president of Indonesia?
2. Whom => direct question, menanyakan objek
   * to whom did you give the books yesterday?
   * to whom should l tell this secret?
3. Whose => direct question, menanyakan milik siapa
   * whose pencils did l lend yesterday?
   * whose knife di l use to cut a papaya?
4. What => pertanyaan umum
   * what do you know about tornado?
   * what color did you use to wear?
5. Which => menyatakan yang mana (bilamana ada pilihan)
   *which class is your favorite class?
   *which car is yours?
   * which one is your car?
6. When => untuk menanyakan waktu
   *when did you send that letter?
7. Where => untuk menanyakan tempat
   * where did you put those bags?
8. How => untuk menanyakan keadaan

kata ini dapat juga dipakai untuk menanyakan jumlah (countable atau uncountable) dan dapat juga menanyakan sesuatu yang sesuai dengan kata sifat yang mengurunginya.

• how are you doing?
• How is everything?
• How do you do?
• How many cars do you have?
• How much money do you have?
• How long will you stay here? (waktu)
• How far is Dumai from here? (jarak)
• How deep is the Ngarai Sianok?

Passive voice = Kalimat Pasif

objek + to be +verb (pp) + by + subject

example:

• the house is painted by me
• the house has been painted
• the house is being painted

PERCAKAPAN 3

Miss, would you bring me a coffe please : Nona, tolonglah bawakan saya kopi

Certainly, Sir. Black or white? : Baik, Tuan. Kopi hitam atau kopi susu?

White, please : Kopi susu

Here we are, Sir : Silakan, Tuan

Thank you : Terima kasih

Would you mind passing me the newspaper : Tolonglah berikan saya surat kabar itu

Thank you very much : Terima kasih banyak

Could l have some more coffe? : Dapatkah saya minta kopi lagi?

Yes, Sir : Baik, Tuan

Would you be so kind as to move over : Maukah anda pindah tempat

My wife will be arriving any minute : Istri saya akan datang sebentar lagi

Of course : Tentu saja

Thank you very much : Terima kasih banyak

Don't mention it : Kembali

l'm sorry to be such a nuisance : Maaf, saya mengganggu anda

No trouble at all : Sama sekali tidak

l'm much obliged to you : Saya amat berterima kasih

REQUESTS, THANKS AND REGRETS (permintaan/permohonan, pernyataan terima kasih dan penyesalan)

Please give me the book : Tolonglah berikan saya buku itu

Let me have it, please : Tolong berikan kepada saya

May l borrow this pen : Bolehkah saya pinjam pena ini?

Please, do : tentu, silahkan

May l sit down? : Bolehkah saya duduk?

Could l have a look at it, please : Bolehkah saya melihatnya?

Could l have some more : Bolehkan saya dapat tambahan (lagi)?

Can l ask you a favour? : Bolehkah saya minta tolong (kepada anda)?

Would you do me a favour? : Dapatkah anda menolong saya?

Would you pass me the salt : Tolonglah berikan garam itu kepada saya

Would you mind moving over, please? : Maukah anda pindah tempat?

Would you be so kind as to...... : Sudikah kiranya anda.......

l'd be very much obliged if you would....... : Saya akan amat berterima kasih kalau anda.....

Another cup of tea, Mr Junaidi? : Teh lagi, Tuan Junaidi?

With pleasure, thanks : Ya, terima kasih

Thank you so much : Ya, terima kasih

Thank you very much indeed : Ya, terima kasih

Very kind of you : Anda baik hati

Much obliged : Terima kasih banyak

You're very kind : Anda amat baik hati

How kind of you : Anda sungguh baik hati

l'm very much obliged to you : Saya amat berterima kasih

l can't thank you enough : Tak terhingga terima kasih saya

Thank you for the invitation : Terima kasih atas undangannya

What a warm welcome! : Sambutan itu hangat (betul)!

What wonderful hospitality! : keramah-tamahan itu sungguh menakjubkan!

Oh, it's nothing! : Ah, tidak apa-apa

Don't mention it : terima kasih kembali

You're most welcome : Terima kasih kembali

No trouble at all : Terima kasih kembali

It's a pleasure : terima kasih kembali

Forget it : Terima kasih kembali

That's quite all right : Terima kasih kembali

Excuse me, please : Maaf......

l'm so sorry : Saya amat menyesal

l beg your pardom : Maaf......

Do forgive me : Maafkanlah saya

Please accept my apologies : Terimalah permohonan maaf saya

How silly of me! : Bodoh betul saya!

I don't know what to say : Saya tidak dapat mengatakan apa-apa

Don't be angry : Janganlah marah

There's been a terrible mistake : Kesalahan besar telah terjadi

It won't happen again : Takkan terjadi lagi

Let me try and explain : Baiklah saya mencoba menjelaskannya

You mustn't be offended : Janganlah anda tersinggung

I hope l haven't offended you : Mudah-mudahan saya tidak menyinggung anda

What a shame! : Sayang betul!

What a pity! : Sayang betul!

How awful! : Sayang betul!

How annoying! : Menjengkelkan betul!

Too bad! : Sayang betul!

That's life! : Begitulah!

My condolences in your bereavement : Saya turut berdukacita atas kemalangan anda

Please accept my heartfelt sympathies : Terimalah pernyataan dukacita saya yang sedalam-dalamnya

l'm sorry to hear that : Berita itu tidak menyenangkan

l hope it's nothing serious : Mudah-mudahan tidak apa-apa

Well, if you'll excuse me....... : Nah, saya minta diri

PERCAKAPAN 2

Hello, Miss Nasution : Halo, Nona Nasution

You must be mistaken. My name’s Harahap : Anda salah. Nama saya Harahap

Have we met before? : Sudah pernahkah kita bertemu?

No, l don’t think we have : Saya kira tidak (belum)

Allow me to introduce myself, Harun Junaidi : Perkenalkan diri saya, Harun Junaidi

How do you do. I'm Ina Harahap : Saya Ina Harahap

Have you got a brother called Muhidin? : Apakah anda mempunyai saudara yang bernama Muhidin?

Yes, l have. Is he a friend of yours? : Benar, kawan andakah ia?

We were at school together years ago : Kami pernah satu sekolah dulu

Miss Harahap, l wonder if you would be free to lunch with me on Wednesday? : Nona Harahap, mungkinkah anda ada waktu untuk makan siang dengan saya hari Rabu?

How very kind of you. I'd love to : Anda sungguh baik hati. Tentu saja.

Then l'll see you on Wednesday : Kalau begitu sampai hari rabu

Thank you very much : Terima kasih banyak

Please remember me to your brother : Sampaikanlah salam saya kepada saudara anda

I certainly will : Pasti

Well, if you'll excuse me. I must be off : Nah, saya minta diri. Saya harus pergi

It was very nice meeting you, Miss Harahap : Sungguh menyenangkan bertemu dengan anda, Nona Harahap

Thank you, Mr Junaidi. Goodbye for now : Terima kasih, Tuan Junaidi. Selamat tinggal.

PERCAKAPAN 1

Hello, Candra :  Halo, Candra

Hi, Nita  : Hai, Nita

What are you up to these days?  :  Sedang mengapakah anda dewasa ini?

Oh, nothing special  :  Ah, biasa saja

Haven’t seen you for a long time  :  Sudah lama tidak bertemu

I haven’t been too well lately  :  Saya kurang sehat akhir-akhir ini

Oh, really? What’s the matter?  :  Ah, benar? Ada apa?

I’ve had the flu  :  Saya terkena flu

Everything all right now?  :  Sekarang sudah sembuh?

Yes, thanks  :  Ya, terima kasih

How’s the family?  : Bagaimana dengan keluarga?

Oh, they’re fine, thanks  :  Ah, mereka sehat walafiat, terima kasih

And Rifa’i getting on all right?  :  Dan Rifa’i, baik-baik sajakah ia?

He has his ups and downs. You know Rifa’i : Kadang2 baik, kadang2 tidak, makhlumlah    Rifa’i

What’s are you doing on Thursday  : Ada rencana apa untuk hari kamis?

Nothing, as far as l know  : Tidak ada, sepanjang pengetahuan saya

Would you like to come to dinner? : Sudikah kiranya anda datang untuk makan malam?

I’d love to  :  Tentu saja

See you on Thursday then  :  Kalau begitu, sampai hari kamis

Great! Nice to see you again  :  Baik sekali! Saya senang bertemu lagi dengan anda

Give my love to your mother  : Salam hangat saya kepada ibu anda

I will. See you  :  Saya akan menyampaikannya. Sampai bertemu